A survey of reform movements in the Ottoman Empire especially through the prism of their contacts with West European scientific speculations in the 17th and 18th centuries, as well as through their sequel in the form of Tanzimat reforms up to 1850. An attempt will be made to cover the history of institutional developments parallel to the history of ideas. May be taken both as a taught course and as a seminar, subject to the approval of the instructor and the fulfillment of the research paper requirements for a seminar in History. See HIST 696.
